Vascular Surgery in India
What is Cardiovascular Surgery?
Cardiovascular surgery, also known as vascular surgery, is a specialized field dedicated to surgical procedures involving arteries and veins. It addresses conditions affecting the vascular system and offers treatments for areas of blood vessel dilation that may be at risk of rupture if left untreated.
One of the primary concerns treated by vascular surgeons is the obstruction of blood vessels. Left unattended, these blockages can lead to decreased blood flow to vital organs, potentially resulting in severe complications such as strokes. Treatment typically involves the removal of the obstructed area through procedures like carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting, which involves the insertion of a tube to facilitate proper blood flow.
Veins play a crucial role in the circulation of blood, containing valves that prevent backward flow. However, when veins become varicose (enlarged), these valves may fail to function correctly, allowing blood to flow in the wrong direction and further enlarging the veins.
Causes for Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease can be influenced by various factors, including:
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Prolonged Standing or Sitting : Extended periods of standing or sitting can contribute to poor circulation, increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues.
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Genetic Factors : Hereditary predispositions play a significant role in determining susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. Family history can be a crucial indicator of potential risk.
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Female Hormonal Influence : Female hormones, particularly those associated with pregnancy, can affect the cardiovascular system, potentially contributing to the development of cardiovascular conditions.
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Muscular Compartment Forces : Forces exerted by muscles, especially during activities like walking or running, can impact the pressure within veins, leading to increased pressure in superficial veins. This heightened pressure can result in the enlargement of vessels and potentially contribute to cardiovascular complications.
Symptoms of Varicose veins
Varicose veins can manifest with a variety of symptoms, including:
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Discoloration : Near the affected veins, the skin may exhibit a brownish-blue hue.
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Delayed Healing : Even minor wounds may take an extended period to heal properly.
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Skin Irritation : Redness, dryness, and itchiness may develop in the areas surrounding the affected veins.
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Ankle Swelling : Swelling in the ankles, often accompanied by discomfort, may be indicative of varicose veins.
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Heavy Legs : Sensations of heaviness in the legs, particularly exacerbated at night, can be a common symptom.
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Spider Veins : The appearance of spider veins, also known as telangiectasia, may accompany varicose veins as a visible sign of venous insufficiency.
Cardiovascular Surgery
Surgery is often considered a primary treatment option for varicose veins. However, supportive treatments such as medications, graduated compression stockings, and elevating the legs can provide temporary relief as well.
One common surgical procedure for varicose veins is the Sapheno-femoral junction ligation and vein stripping operation. This procedure involves making skin incisions over the groin and leg to access and remove all or part of the saphenous vein main trunk.
Laser Cardiovascular Surgery
Endovenous Laser Ablation : Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) offers a minimally invasive solution aimed at delivering precise thermal energy to the affected vein wall, inducing fibrosis and ultimately causing the vein to vanish. This procedure typically lasts approximately 45 minutes per leg, leaving minimal scarring and reducing discomfort for the patient.
Sclerotherapy : Sclerotherapy stands out as a commonly chosen non-surgical approach for varicose veins, involving the injection of medication directly into the affected veins to reduce their size. This safe and effective procedure offers a reliable solution for addressing varicose veins.
Carotid Endarterectomy : Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure designed to remove fatty deposits that obstruct one of the two carotid arteries. By eliminating plaque buildup from the patient's artery, CEA enhances blood flow and circulation. This procedure is commonly recommended for older individuals to mitigate the risks associated with arterial blockages.
Carotid Artery Disease : Once an examination has been conducted to assess the extent of plaque buildup, a duplex ultrasound is typically employed. This non-invasive procedure utilizes painless sound waves to visualize blood vessels and measure blood flow velocity. Additionally, other diagnostic tests may include :
- Computed Tomographic Angiogram (CTA)
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scans of the Brain
- Angiography
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
These tests assist in providing comprehensive insights into the condition of the carotid arteries and aid in determining the most suitable treatment approach.
Postoperative care of Vascular Surgery
- Maintain a diet low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and calories.
- Engage in regular exercise, focusing on aerobic activities and walking.
- Refrain from smoking to promote healing and reduce complications.
- Adhere to regular antiplatelet therapy as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
- Maintain an ideal body weight through healthy lifestyle choices.
- Take medications as prescribed for lowering cholesterol levels.
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