Cataract Surgery in India

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What is a Cataract?

Cataract, a prevalent condition, is characterized by the clouding of the natural eye lens, primarily due to the accumulation of proteins. The gradual progression of cataracts leads to painless vision loss, particularly affecting individuals aged 60 and above. While the main cause of cataracts is unknown, factors such as illness, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays, injury, smoking, and certain medications are identified as potential contributors.

Cataract Surgery

The surgical process entails the removal of the clouded natural eye lens, replacing it with an artificial lens to restore vision. Modern cataract procedures utilize a high-frequency ultrasound probe, known as Phaco or Phacoemulsification. This probe breaks the cloudy lens into small pieces, which are then delicately suctioned out through small incisions in the eyes.

Symptoms of Cataracts

  • Frequent changes in contact lens or eyeglass prescription
  • Hazy or blurred vision
  • Poor vision at night
  • Double vision in one eye
  • Yellowish tinged vision
  • Seeing halos around lights
  • Poor vision in bright light

Types of Cataracts

Congenital Cataracts (Childhood Ccataracts) : This form of cataract typically manifests either at birth or shortly thereafter. Cataracts are often diagnosed in older children and infants, categorically termed as infantile, developmental, and juvenile cataracts.

Age Related Cataracts : This is the most prevalent type of cataract, typically occurring in the later stages of life.

Causes of Cataracts

The causes of cataracts that elevate the likelihood of their development include :

  • Over or long term exposure to the sunlight.
  • Prior eye inflammation
  • Age
  • Previous eye injury

  • Crystallins (Protein) Loss : A specific protein undergoes functional deterioration with age, giving rise to the formation of small peptides composed of 10-15 amino acids. This process accelerates the development of cataracts in the eye.

  • Corticosteroids long-term use : The risk of cataract development is higher in individuals who heavily depend on inhaled asthma medications and steroids. The use of these specific medications can exacerbate the likelihood of cataracts.
  • Family history of cataracts.

  • Exposure to Ionizing Radiation : Prolonged exposure to cosmic radiation, particularly experienced by airline pilots, contributes to the development of nuclear cataracts.
  • Diabetes
  • Over or long time exposure to lead can aggravate the risk of cataracts.

Cataract Surgery

This minimally invasive cataract procedure begins with the administration of anesthesia to numb the eye. A small incision is made to insert an ultrasonic probe, which breaks the cloudy lens into small pieces that are then suctioned out. Following the removal of the cloudy lens, a new artificial lens (intraocular lens) is implanted, usually through the same incision from which the old lens was removed. The entire process is painless and takes only a few minutes. Early-stage cataract management can be addressed through the following measures :

  • By using medication that can dilate the pupil.
  • Strong lightening
  • Wearing stronger contact lenses or eyeglasses.
  • By using a magnifying glass while reading.

No-stitch Cataract Surgery

The advanced no-stitch technique for cataract removal has significantly enhanced the success of cataract operations. This outpatient surgery, conducted under local anesthesia, ensures minimal or no discomfort for the patient. The revolutionary technique also reduces the risk of Endophthalmitis, a condition that can lead to vision loss. The incision made in case of an accidental eye injury is robust. Patients can resume their normal activities shortly after the procedure.

Cataract Lens Replacement

The intraocular lens (IOL) is employed to improve the vision of the eye by correcting and replacing its natural lenses. This replacement is carried out through cataract surgery. Nowadays, the IOL can also be utilized to correct vision, eliminating the need for contact lenses or glasses.

Benefits of Cataract Surgery

  • The clarity of vision can be enhanced by eliminating the opaque lens in the eye.
  • Patients experience enhanced vision shortly after the surgery due to the operation's high success rate.
  • It significantly enhances vision to the extent that patients can successfully pass a driving license test.
  • It greatly diminishes the need to rely on wearing corrective eyeglasses or lenses.
  • After the surgery, patients can resume their normal lives and explore the vibrant colors of life.

Cost of Cataract Surgery

The affordable cataract surgery expenses in India draw patients globally. All Indian hospitals are equipped with cutting-edge technology and comprehensive medical services. The doctors, highly trained and experienced, are on par with those in other developed countries such as the USA or the UK.

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