Laparoscopic Surgery in India

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What is Laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy involves employing a laparoscope to examine the patient's abdominal area. The laparoscope is utilized to amplify and illuminate the structures within the abdomen.

A laparoscope incorporates a light source that is introduced into the abdomen through a small incision in the skin. Laparoscopy is employed to identify symptoms such as pelvic pain, discomfort in the pelvic region, abdominal pain, and swelling of the abdomen. This procedure allows the doctor to gain a clear view inside the patient's abdomen. Some common conditions that can be identified through laparoscopy include :

  • Appendicitis
  • Ectopic Pregnancy
  • Endometriosis
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • Ovarian Cyst

What is Laparoscopic Surgery?

Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive or keyhole surgery, utilizes slender instruments and a video camera. Small incisions, approximately half an inch in size, are made to introduce plastic tubes known as ports. Through these ports, instruments and a camera are inserted, facilitating access to the interior of the patient. The following are among the most frequently performed procedures :

  • Female sterilization
  • The removal of parts of the intestines
  • Treating ectopic pregnancy
  • Removal of the gall bladder
  • The removal of patches of endometriosis
  • The biopsy of different structures within the abdomen
  • The removal of the appendix

Why Laparoscopic Surgery is done?

Laparoscopic techniques are employed in various intestinal surgeries, proving particularly successful and safe for certain colorectal cancers. Conditions treated by laparoscopic surgery encompass :

  • Diverticulitis
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Crohn’s disease
  • Rectal prolapse
  • Severe chronic constipation that was not successfully treated with the help of medication.
  • Colon polyps which are very large to remove by using colonoscopy
  • Colorectal cancer
  • Bowel incontinence
  • Familial polyposis (a condition that causes multiple colon polyps)

Who Should Consider Laparoscopic Gallbladder Surgery?

Laparoscopic gallbladder removal may not be suitable for patients with pre-existing medical conditions or those who have undergone previous upper abdominal surgery. A thorough evaluation of the patients' medical conditions is conducted by the physician. The laparoscopy-trained surgeon then decides on the most suitable procedure for gallbladder removal.

Benefits of Laparoscopic Procedures

  • A shorter stay in the hospital
  • Involves small scars
  • Less post-operative discomfort
  • Less internal scarring
  • Quick recovery

Benefits of Laparoscopic Gallbladder Surgery

  • The recovery is faster if the removal of gall bladder is done laparoscopically.
  • Instead of 5-7 inch incision, 4 small openings is required in the abdomen.
  • The patients can return to their home after a day.
  • Minimal post-operative pain is involved.

Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery thoroughly examines the organs within the abdominal cavity. Conducted under general anesthesia, the procedure involves the use of a thin, flexible tube equipped with a video camera and a laparoscope. Through small incisions, the laparoscope is introduced into the abdomen, capturing images displayed on a screen. A key advantage of laparoscopy is its ability to offer a clear view of abdominal structures and organs, often obviating the necessity for traditional surgery. Following the surgery, the laparoscope and other instruments are removed, and the incisions are sutured.

Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Laparoscopic hysterectomy, a minimally invasive procedure, is employed for the removal of the uterus. This involves making a small incision in the belly button through which a small camera is inserted. The procedure is carried out by visualizing images on a screen through the camera. Additionally, 2 or 3 incisions are made in the lower abdomen to facilitate the insertion of specialized instruments during the removal process.

In certain instances, women undergoing hysterectomy may opt to retain their ovaries. By choosing to keep the ovaries, there is no necessity for hormone supplementation post-surgery, and women do not experience hot flashes. Reasons for removing the ovaries may include abnormal ovarian growth or a family history of ovarian cancer. Women can choose between a laparoscopic supra-cervical hysterectomy, which preserves the cervix, or a total laparoscopic hysterectomy, which removes the uterus entirely. Unlike traditional abdominal hysterectomy with 3-6 inch incisions, laparoscopic hysterectomy requires only several small incisions. This results in reduced blood loss, minimal scarring, and less post-operative pain.

Robotic Laparoscopic Surgery

Robot-assisted surgery is considered the premier minimally invasive option, surpassing both laparoscopy and open surgery. The surgeon conducts the operation utilizing the Da Vinci robotic system, which lacks direct mechanical connections to either the patient or the surgeon. Seated at a computer console a few feet away from the patient, the surgeon gains a three-dimensional view of the operating field. Control is exercised through the console's hand controls, directing the micro instruments, wrists, and robotic arms of the machine. The advantages of the robot-assisted technique include :

  • A shorter hospital stay
  • Better clinical outcomes
  • Significantly less pain
  • Less scarring
  • Reduced blood loss
  • Fewer complications
  • A faster return to routine daily activities

Laparoscopy Surgery for Endometriosis

Laparoscopy is employed to address mild to moderate cases of endometriosis. Using a lightweight laparoscope, a small incision is made for insertion. This procedure is utilized to treat various conditions, including severe endometriosis pain, the presence of an endometriosis cyst on an ovary, endometriosis suspected as the cause of infertility, and significant scar tissue and endometriosis that may be affecting internal organs such as the bladder or bowel.

Cost of Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery has demonstrated significant success in India, attracting patients from around the globe seeking its benefits. Hospitals across India offer affordable laparoscopic procedures coupled with excellent healthcare facilities, making it a popular destination for those in need of such medical interventions.

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